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Challenges and Opportunities for Creating Intelligent Hazard Alerts: The “FloodHippo” Prototype 下载免费PDF全文
J. Michael Johnson Jim M. Coll Paul J. Ruess Jordan T. Hastings 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2018,54(4):872-881
Disasters evolving from hazards are a persistent and deadly occurrence in the United States. Despite this, hazard alerts have remained spatially vague, temporally imprecise, and lack actionable information. These deficiencies indicate a divide between the status quo and what is possible given modern environmental models, geographic information systems (GIS), and smartphone capabilities. This work describes an alternative, prototype system, “FloodHippo,” which integrates operational model outputs, cloud‐based GIS, and expanded communication channels to provide personal and interactive disaster alerts for floods. The precepts and methods underpinning FloodHippo apply equally to other disasters that evolve over space and time, presenting the opportunity for a more intelligent disaster response system. The development of such a system would not only minimize current shortcomings in disaster alerts but also improve resilience through individual action, along with community, academic, and federal cooperation. 相似文献
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润湿性是水处理滤料的一个十分重要的表面性质.以Washburn方程为原理,用动态渗透压力法研究了无烟煤、铝矾土陶瓷及磁铁矿滤料的亲油亲水润湿性.实验结果表明,方法的重现性较好,误差在10%以内.当滤料的粒径范围在0.6~0.9mm之间时.以该法测得无烟煤、铝矾土陶瓷及磁铁矿滤料的亲油亲水比(LHR)值依次为2.511、1.748和1.317,说明无烟煤滤料的亲油性最好,铝矾土陶瓷次之,而磁铁矿的亲油性最差.XPS和FTIR分析结果表明,无烟煤、铝矾土陶瓷及磁铁矿滤料润湿性差别主要归因于其表面化学结构的不同. 相似文献
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钙基脱硫剂孔隙结构特性直接影响到脱硫效果及脱硫剂的利用率,对其空间网络特性的描述将有助于分析SO2的扩散及反应特性. 在石灰石分解动力学和烧结机理的基础上,结合固体分解的成核机理,运用Monte-Carlo 方法,建立了脱硫剂孔隙网络的动态生成模型,对钙基脱硫剂分解形成的孔隙结构进行了动态模拟,并对生成孔结构的分形特性进行研究.结果表明,运用动态生成模型,可以给出石灰石分解形成的CaO内部孔隙的微观空间结构,且模拟生成的孔隙网络的分形维数与实验测定值基本吻合. 相似文献
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Comparisons of microbial community structure, in eight filter media of zeolites, anthracite, shale, vermiculite, ceramic filter media,
gravel, steel slag and bio-ceramic, were undertaken by analyzing the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition. A total of 20 fatty
acids in the range of C11 to C20 were determined but only 13 PLFAs were detected in steel slag. They consist of saturated fatty acids,
branched fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The variation of fatty acids was revealed in the
relative proportions of these fatty acids in di erent media. The aerobic prokaryotes were the predominant group in all media. The
PLFA composition showed significant di erences among the eight di erent media by Tukey’s honestly test. It was found that steel slag
was significantly di erent in the microbial community as compared to other filter media, probably due to its alkaline e uent. Steel
slag alone is probably not a good choice of substratum in constructed wetlands. The principle components analysis (PCA) showed that
zeolites, bio-ceramic, shale and vermiculite had a similar microbial community structure while steel slag and ceramic filter media were
distinct from other media. 相似文献
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总氮超标是大部分水源水库具有的共性水质问题.在外源污染得到有效控制,上游来水氮负荷较低的情况下,底泥內源氮释放对上覆水体水质影响巨大.因此,在泥水界面处对污染底泥进行合理修复以有效抑制底泥氮释放是解决总氮超标问题、控制水源水质的关键.本研究通过模拟实验对比研究了3种不同修复方法,即覆盖填料、投加功能微生物和投加铁粉在界面处的脱氮效果.结果表明,填料覆盖技术具有更明显的脱氮效果,对氨氮的平均抑制率为83%,最高时可达92%,对总氮的平均抑制率达73%,且效果稳定. 相似文献